Renewable energy sources take over nuclear power and decrease overall emissions concurrently
In recent years, two European nations, Germany and France, have been at the forefront of discussions regarding nuclear power and its role in reducing emissions.
Germany, having decided to phase out nuclear power, has seen a significant drop in emissions in the power sector. Between 2010 and 2017, emissions fell by more than 15% after eight of its 17 reactors were closed. Contrary to some claims, Germany's carbon emissions from the energy sector continued to decline, reflecting a transition towards renewables rather than a coal ramp-up. In 2019, renewables nearly reached 50% of power supply in Germany, and in 2018, emissions from the energy sector fell nearly two percentage points.
On the other hand, France, with its high reliance on nuclear power, has faced challenges. In 2016, a third of France's reactors were temporarily closed for unplanned safety inspections due to flawed workmanship. The Grand Carénage, or 'grand overhaul' of French reactors, is not a French government plan, but a plan by EDF to extend the service lives of the reactors to sixty years. However, the ASN, the French nuclear security agency, might not allow reactor extensions due to these issues with workmanship.
The French government, which owns 84% of EDF, has expressed a desire to extend reactor lives, planning to construct another six units in the next 15 years. This plan, which has been criticised by some, may have been what US presidential candidate Marianne Williamson was referring to.
The experience of states like New York, Illinois, and Ohio has been used as an example of what might happen if nuclear power is phased out in favour of an all-renewable strategy, with electricity prices and carbon pollution spiking as a result. In contrast, France’s policy to maintain nuclear power has kept its low-carbon electricity generation stable, supporting energy security and lower emissions, which is viewed as a correct strategic choice.
Notably, the ASN has postponed the opening of the Flamanville reactor for another three years, casting doubts over France's ability to sustain its nuclear-heavy approach. Meanwhile, some in the French government want new reactors, but the future of France's nuclear power sector remains uncertain.
In summary, both Germany and France have unique approaches to reducing emissions and increasing the use of renewable energy. While Germany has chosen to phase out nuclear power, France has opted to maintain it, albeit with challenges and controversies. The debate continues as policymakers worldwide grapple with the best strategies for a sustainable energy future.
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